Uptake of a fluorescent insulin vaccine by newborn mice. Image: Slobodan Culina

Uptake of apoptotic bodies (green) by acDCs . Image: Slobodan Culina

Healthy pancreas. Image: Slobodan Culina

Medium-infiltrated pancreas. Image: Slobodan Culina

Heavily-infiltrated pancreas. Image: Slobodan Culina

T-cells attaching insulin producing pancreatic beta cells. Cells are stained for insulin (green) and the killer T-cell marker CD8 (red). The nuclei are stained blue. Image: Susan Wong and Maja Wallberg

Different steps in the autoimmune pathogenesis

T lymphocyte

dendritic cell

In Type 1 diabetes, the immune system attacks insulin-making beta cells (highlighted) in the pancreas. Image courtesy of Yuval Dor/Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School.